Books will teach you to speak correctly, increase your vocabulary

Speech is the ability to make sounds, syllables, sentences with the help of voice. But not anyhow, but connected, expressing their own or other people's thoughts. A native or foreign language has a written and voice reproduction of thoughts. When words sound in any language - this is speech, to have speech skills means to be able to speak.

Personal dictionary in my head

How well do we know how to express our thoughts: do others understand what they want to tell, explain? Are there enough letters and connectives in your head to build the correct sentence? In other words, how rich is your vocabulary?

There are about 500,000 roots in Russian, each of which can make up dozens of words. But only 6 thousand are pronounced constantly in life, 30 thousand - relatively often. Higher education endows a person with a lexicon of 10 thousand words, erudite people know and use up to 50 thousand. And there are 500 of them!

In addition, vocabulary can be active and passive. Everything you say and write is an asset. Everything that you read and hear, but do not use, is a liability.Of course, everyone's passive vocabulary is several times thicker than the active one, but it will be useful only when new words are learned, understood, used in conversations and writing.

If the voice is given to a person at birth, then the ability to speak does not appear immediately. Crying, crying, cooing of a newborn is a kind of communication with the world of adults, but not yet a clear conversation. Separate syllables at the age of six months is also not a very intelligible conversation, parents understand the child more by facial expressions, gestures, emotions in sounds. But the kid is already collecting his passive vocabulary.

Margin by age

Are there any norms to understand the level of development of eloquence from childhood to gray hair? Experts in pedagogy, medicine, and culture are constantly studying this issue, and at different times the results vary. In the third millennium, there are practically no problems in learning new words - encyclopedias, dictionaries, the Internet are available like never before. And the active vocabulary does not grow, but decreases. To assess this level, averages were determined.

Junior preschool age

Children 6-9 months old babble syllables, repeat individual syllables from the words of adults. At 10 months, the first words appear, most often nouns, the names of objects. The child actively develops the vocal apparatus, but confuses syllables, distorts, rearranges sounds.

After a year, the child uses up to 20 words, verbs appear. From a year to two, he begins to build simple sentences, understands the difference between the singular and plural, uses case endings, understands the verb tense. He perfectly understands the everyday conversations of adults, but so far he cannot pronounce everything. Vocabulary minimum - 50 words.

By the age of three, having learned not only to listen, but also to touch objects for research purposes, taste, compare, adjectives appear in the vocabulary of a three-year-old baby. This is the most talkative age, kids ask a hundred questions a minute, the vocabulary of this period contains from 250 to 1000 words. In complex sentences, they confuse endings, rearrange prepositions, and invent new words. Normal at this age is the incorrect pronunciation of whistling, hissing, sonors (L, R).

senior preschool age

At 4 years old, the child should pronounce all the sounds correctly. Then work begins on the sound analysis of words, at the age of 5 he clearly distinguishes between a sound, a word, a sentence. About 2000 words are used in conversation by children of this age.

Starting year before school - 3000 words in the personal dictionary of a person going to school. He plays with antonyms and synonyms, uses all parts of speech when communicating. A 6-year-old child knows about 4000 words, can speak in a monologue, participate in dialogues, knows poems, songs by heart, can retell, which is very important for the development of the vocabulary.

In order for the kid to come to school with a solid vocabulary, you need to make a lot of efforts, helping to develop his voice communication. It is necessary to talk with the child from birth, and not lisping, but pronouncing correctly, correctly building sentences, without touching “lala am-am!”, Which upset the picture of word formation in the baby.

The experience of speaking, gained from listening and repetition, must be completed, as the only one, in the first grade. Before that, you need to read fairy tales as often as possible, learn poetry, understand the meaning of sayings, proverbs, more often you need to talk and listen to your child.All this will develop memory and set up a further expansion of vocabulary, the child will want to become even smarter. Then he will read on his own.

Adolescence

This period does little work for most children to replenish their vocabulary, many begin to have psychological problems, a transitional age. Adolescents become isolated, complex, stop communicating, talking. But youth slang, "parasites" conquer the space of communication. Time will pass, if adults tirelessly helped to overcome age complexes, an erudite may well grow up. But the main work with the outlook, the lexicon should be independent.

Adult contingent

If in childhood, adults had no time to replenish the baby's vocabulary, with age, problems with communication cannot be avoided. But there is a way out - to engage in self-education, read, write, tell a mirror, get smarter and stop being afraid of talking with colleagues, peers, friends.

Necessary books for the development of speech

TOP 5: For working with children

The first teaching aid for a child will be fairy tales, nursery rhymes. The main thing - be sure to ask to retell what you heard. This will train the voice apparatus, memory, new words will be thrown into the head. Further, be sure to use special literature. Fiction classics, popular science literature, special literature - live a century, read a century!

S. Batyaeva, E. Savostyanova. Album on the development of speech for the little ones.

Publisher: ROSMEN. Series: We speak correctly. 2018. 88 pages.

275-284 rub.

Not so much a book as a manual with developing materials and exercises: finger games, pictures to activate the pronunciation of sounds, speech therapy games, voice exercises, situational cards and many other useful things that help you speak quickly, cleanly, correctly.

• for the development of talkativeness, attentiveness, even general physical - it helps a lot;
• comments, hints help to study more fruitfully;
• cool articulation gymnastics.

• soft cover, cardboard tears quickly;
• children also “read” it, the binding is hard, the pages are thicker.

L. Smirnova, S. Ovchinnikov, I. Pisareva. The kid starts talking. Speech development of a child from birth to four years.

Moscow: AST, Astrel. Series: Popular speech therapy. 2009. 176 pages.

349 - 370 rubles.

Games will help to teach kids to speak, do it with pleasure and correctly, and not dull classes, difficult tasks that kill any desire to learn. The authors, a speech therapist and a pediatrician, have collected a lot of simple, useful, interesting educational games. They can also be used by kindergarten teachers, the content meets the standards of the educational process.

• starting from diapers, there are exercises for newborns;
• there are new jokes, old ones in all collections are tired;
• The pictures are colorful, the pages are dense, the writing is clear and concise.

• the main part is for children under two years old, only 45 pages for 2-4 years old;
• it is strange that among the "frequently encountered" are the words perfume, a fur coat, and not a table and a chair.

V. Volodin. Album on the development of speech.

Publisher: Rosmen-Press. Series: We speak correctly. 2017. 96 pages.

221 - 284 rubles.

A set of effective exercises and tests for children 3-6 years old. You can assess the child's skills, identify mistakes, and help with the development of speech with the help of simple exercises.

• must have for children 3-5 years old, they like it;
• calculated for several years;
• well-composed, the pictures are large, everything is painted in an accessible way.

• want to improve paper quality.

Great speech therapy textbook for the little ones.

Publisher: OLISS, Eksmo. 2007. 192 pages.

488 - 597 rubles.

A collection of exercises for young preschoolers to help correct pronunciation errors. The tasks are simple, age-appropriate - finger games, tongue twisters, speech therapy games.

• from the reviews: they quickly learned to speak the letter “r”, the other sounds too, they spent 15 minutes a day in total;
• the son himself brought this book and demanded classes - it is difficult to find a better assessment;
• a lot of pictures and poems, finger gymnastics - kids like it.

• exercises are not for the smallest, at 2 years old the child will not master this.

Tatiana Kulikovskaya. We expand the vocabulary of children 2-4 years old.

Publisher: Olma Media Group. Series: Smart kid. 2012. 64 pages.

147-165 rubles.

The author, a speech therapist, wrote a manual for parents, with which they will teach the child to speak correctly. No more than 10 minutes a day is enough to engage with kids to lay the foundations for correct pronunciation. Classes will help children with speech problems. It will be easy to answer questions with sounds - who is shouting, what sounds - very accurate detailed tasks.

• a very good textbook for homework, it is not difficult for parents, children are not bored;
• a mixture of speech therapy with mathematics, writing, poetry - this is an all-round development.

• from the reviews: I don’t understand for what age: everything seems to be clear, but the child listens with pleasure, but does not want to speak.

TOP-15: For working with silent people

Adults who are embarrassed to talk have problems in communication, career, personal life. They also need help adjusting. Books can help to talk silent. For adults, there are three groups of books that develop oratory skills and increase vocabulary, this is literature:

• artistic;
• specialized, teaching aids, manuals for the development of abilities;
• scientific, popular science: encyclopedias, dictionaries, publications on the development of languages, etymologies of words, linguistics and more.

Fiction

This sector of creativity is as clear as possible, pleasant to read and very useful for increasing intellectual abilities. Of course, it is better to give preference to the classics.

Lev Tolstoy. War and Peace.

Publisher: Azbuka Atticus. Series: World Classics. 2011. 1408 pages.

120 - 816 rubles.

There is an audio version - 315 rubles.

Sales leader in Russia and the world. Nobody needs to tell the story, everyone went through Tolstoy's work at school. But hardly anyone read it then slowly, thoughtfully. By rereading it, you will enrich your vocabulary with interesting words, phrases, wise sayings. The classics are a salvation from dullness and stupidity. It will be no less useful to read other works of the great Russian writer, the same Anna Karenina.

• brilliant work;
• there are illustrations from the author - an unexpected fact;
• this is the history of Russia, you can study the war of 1812.

• there is no need to study this work at school, no one mastered it, few people understood it, it only comes to adulthood.

F. Dostoevsky. Crime and Punishment.

Publisher: Azbuka; ABC-Atticus. Series: World Classics. 2013. 608 pages.

144 rub.

The topic of justice and violence is a very complex one. The classic brilliantly describes the tragedy of destinies, characters, suffering. The novel makes you seriously think about life values, actions. Who in this world is a “trembling creature”, who “has the right” - should we decide? In Raskolnikov, the moral principle won. But there is Svidrigailov, whom, apart from God, there is no one to punish. The author shows different people, but there is not a single absolute villain, everyone has something human. Dostoevsky's Christian love for man gives everyone a chance for correction.

• favorite novel, best;
• terrible events, a tragic world, but what a beautiful language it is written.

• no.

M. Bulgakov. Dog's heart.

Publisher: Eksmo, Eksmo OOO. Series: Classics at school. 2014.

93 - 180 rubles.

Electronic version - from 79 rubles, audiobook - from 120 rubles.

The work is studied at school in grade 9. But each new reading adds knowledge, makes you see situations, life in general in a new way. Ironically, sometimes evil, the author refers to his new time, revolution, ignorance.

• a solid quote book, an imperishable work about human stupidity and genius;
• Bulgakov is an absolutely chic style, an unusual plot, some kind of semi-fantastic.

• no.

I. Turgenev. Noble Nest.

Publisher: Eksmo. 2017. 608 pages.

106 - 215 rubles.

Biographers consider the novel somewhat autobiographical.Features, plots, stories of the protagonist Fyodor Lavretsky are comparable to the life of the author. The story described in the novel, of course, is about love, which ended in a real tragedy. The plot is twisted no worse than a detective story, but there will be no sharpness and speed. The life of the small town of O. flows measuredly, there is enough time to think, reason, and see.

Having gone away from his wife-traitor from Paris to the family estate, Lavretsky falls in love with his cousin's daughter Lisa. After reading in a magazine about the death of his ex-wife, he explains to Lisa and she confesses to him in return feelings. But the announcement turned out to be erroneous, the unfaithful wife came to Russia. Lisa went to the monastery. Life went on, happiness did not happen.

• experience, rationality - everything is vanity, Turgenev is an expert on the human soul;
• light sadness and charm in these stories, very soulful.

• it is difficult to grasp the essence, you are constantly distracted by individual stories.

From foreign classics, the works of Remarque, London, Zola will help to expand the vocabulary. Their works are a great way to improve vocabulary, especially Emile Zola's adjectives.

Be sure to read, recite, learn by heart Shakespeare's sonnets, poems by Pushkin, Lermontov, Akhmatova, Brodsky. With this knowledge, it is easy to feel calm in any company.

Special literature on the development of speech skills

Larry King. How to talk to anyone, anytime, anywhere.

Publisher: Alpina Publisher. Translated by Evgeny Tsypin. 2018. 204 pages.

200 rub.

Download the electronic version - 229 rubles; audio - 249 rubles.

The author, a well-known American TV presenter, journalist, tells how to learn how to communicate in any company on any topic, without looking like a stupid or funny upstart.Real life examples suggest the direction of work on oneself.

The publication is jokingly referred to as a "talk aid" applicable to any culture on any continent. Here are the secrets of mastery of the best specialist in capturing minds with the help of voice.

Natalia Rom. I want to speak well! Speech technique.

Publisher: Studio ARDIS. Series: Psychotraining sessions. 2007.

Audio version performed by the author — 202 rubles.

Download the electronic version - 189 rubles.

The voice is a communication tool, it can captivate, bewitch, nail ... The author teaches you to use the voice for your own purposes to the fullest: speak correctly, follow the logic of the spoken text, include emotions, expression. These techniques are used by theater and film actors, they will help in everyday life.

The meaning of what was said will not be understood if the words are slurred, there are no intonations, there are no emotions in the text. Learning to hold the attention of the audience, to speak strictly, passionately, as the situation and the text require, will be obtained after mastering the technique from Natalia Rom.

Aristotle. Poetics. Rhetoric.

Publisher: Azbuka-klassika. Series: Exclusive classic. Translation by V. Appelrot, N. Platonova. 2018. 352 pages.

131-180 rub.

The ancient Greek treatise of Aristotle is relevant at all times. His advice helps to become an excellent speaker, negotiator. The philosopher has known the essence of oratory, its possibilities, and has been sharing this knowledge with mankind for the third millennium.

Gavin Kennedy. Everything can be negotiated!

Publisher: Alpina Publisher. Translation by M. Vershovsky. 2022. 410 pages.

342 - 613 rubles.

Download the electronic version - 379 rubles.

A manual for those who find it difficult to give public speaking. Answers to the most pressing questions of the topic - how to remove the excitement before the performance, keep the attention of the audience, establish eye contact. All this work on oneself is preceded by the preparation of a speech, the development of facial expressions, gestures, the author also talks about this.

Radislav Gandapas. Kamasutra for the speaker.

Publisher: Mann, Ivanov i Ferber. 2011. 272 ​​pages.

402 - 678 rubles.

The title is, of course, provocative. But the author interprets it as follows: everything that is done with desire will certainly be crowned with success. The speaker's contact with the audience is a personal, almost intimate act. You can conquer listeners only if the speaker takes a male position in this communication.

A person who knows how to hold an audience during a speech has certain skills and abilities. The author of the manual reveals the secrets of success in this matter. All positions have long been developed and tested by speakers from antiquity to the present day, here are the answers to the most problematic questions of the colloquial genre.

• a useful selection for beginner speakers, especially pleased with the scatter of authors - Aristotle and contemporaries, Russian experts and foreign ones;
• you can independently deal with such consultants;
• I am glad that there are options - audio, electronic versions, paper editions;

• prices change quickly, this topic is in the price, it is not always available.

There are many publications for the development of speech and vocabulary replenishment, they are all, in fact, designed to develop and increase. There is also low-quality literature, be careful, choose time-tested books for reading, recommended by experts and specialists.

Scientific and popular science literature

Smart books are not necessarily treatises full of special terminology. They are written for the inquisitive reader, not for professors. They really help to understand the essence of the subject, enrich the language with new words, memory with new knowledge.

R. Dawkins. The biggest show on earth.

Publisher: Corpus. Translation by D. Kuzmin. 2012. 528 pages.

507 -587 rub.

Download the electronic version - 299 rubles.

The author is a well-known biologist, rationalist, convinced of the fidelity of Darwin's theory. Talk about evolution, the formation of the world in the form it was, became, will be. You can read about the forms of life on Earth, theories, evidence here. He calls the grand show precisely the evolutionary processes that change us and the world around us. Even if you do not understand anything in the natural sciences and biology, in particular, this work will be understandable, exciting, and informative.

D. Ariely. The whole truth about lies.

Publisher: Mann, Ivanov i Ferber. Translation by P. Mironov. 2012. 288 pages.

Electronic version - read for free.

Research psychologist Dan Ariely claims that there are no people who do not lie. For various reasons: good for salvation, postscript in the report, for ethical reasons, everyone lies. The work is popular science, contains many interesting stories, scientific experiments that help to understand the motives of deception, the ethics of lies.

This work will help you take a closer look at yourself, evaluate yourself honestly, without pity, without lying.

S. Hawking. Three books about space and time.

Publisher: Amphora, St. Petersburg. Translation by N. Smorodinskaya, M. Kononov, I. Ivanov. 2015. 512 pages.

462 - 699 rubles.

Under one cover are collected three bestsellers of the famous physicist Stephen Hawking. The conversation is about space and time, the origin of the universe. Of course, there are versions, facts, forecasts for the future here. Fascinating stories about time, black holes. What is the "theory of everything" - you will also learn here.

Maxim Krongauz. The Russian language is on the verge of a nervous breakdown.

Publisher: Corpus. Series: Elements. 2017. 512 pages.

405- 597 rubles.

Electronic version - 249 rubles.

Literacy is falling, vocabulary is depleting - this is due to the simplification of communication, the speed of information flow. The number, which has expanded our capabilities in understanding the world, narrows the sector of speech skills, degrades oratory. Beautiful words are being replaced by jargon, foreign substitutes, and swearing. About what changes are taking place in the language, mistakes, how to prevent the reduction of a personal dictionary, says the author of a popular science bestseller.

Nigel P. Brown. The strangeness of our language. Entertaining linguistics.

Publisher: Ripol-Klassik. Genre: Journalism. Translation by O. Perfiliev. 2010. 272 ​​pages.

175 rub.

The electronic version is free to download.

A book for expanding horizons, vocabulary with a linguistic bias. The author explores words borrowed from foreign ones. Often they coincide in Russian and English. There are stories about the appearance of words, their meanings, changes. A lot of strange things happen in the world of sounds, it's very interesting, almost detective.

• narrowly focused books cover each topic as much as possible;
• popular, exciting, smart;
• It's great that professionals write about what they themselves know well.

• information in encyclopedias is more versatile;
• well-designed books are expensive.

There are other publications that help development. The main thing is to read as much high-quality literature as possible, especially the classics, to implement the acquired knowledge while communicating with different people.

Instructions for the development of speech in adults

By reading, a person replenishes the memory passive. Only live communication will help to transfer all the knowledge gained into an asset. In order to stop being isolated in companies, to become the center of attention, you need to learn how to speak freely. Here are some effective tips.

1. Enrich your vocabulary with synonyms. Synonym dictionaries will help with this. Any dictionaries will be of invaluable service in this matter.
2. Practice communication. Talk more often with relatives, friends, fellow travelers about the weather, everyday understandable things. Speaking practice will gradually remove the clamp.
3. When preparing for a speech, pronounce it in front of a mirror, controlling facial expressions and gestures. At first, you don’t like yourself very much, correct everything that you don’t like, because this, as a rule, also prevents listeners from listening and understanding you.
4. Find several different words around (posters, newspapers, names of magazines, shops, goods), write it down, write a story using them in 2-3 minutes. In writing!
5. Learn to retell what you read. Here it is interesting to work with parables that have a certain allegory between the lines. If you learn how to tell what you read in your own words, you will more easily master the art of oratory.

We read - we write - we communicate - we speak beautifully

These actions are a vicious circle, they are all interdependent, impossible without each other. Learning to speak correctly is impossible without constant reading. We read in order to replenish our thesaurus. It is also difficult to write without a good linguistic background, I mean not Internet correspondence, but writing letters, articles, abstracts. Sometimes a person writes great texts, but cannot get to know a new colleague, becoming tongue-tied. Your passive vocabulary must be translated into an asset - to talk, communicate, exchange information. And then read again to be always an interesting conversationalist.

In order to speak beautifully, freely, intelligently, it is not necessary to be a linguist or an actor. Quality fiction develops rich language skills. The main thing is to tell everything you read, share knowledge with others, training your oratory skills. And pump these abilities with the help of exercises, trainings. With a large vocabulary, a trained vocal apparatus, you will always have words to keep the conversation going, to discuss any topic.